Notice: Function _load_textdomain_just_in_time was called incorrectly. Translation loading for the masterslider domain was triggered too early. This is usually an indicator for some code in the plugin or theme running too early. Translations should be loaded at the init action or later. Please see Debugging in WordPress for more information. (This message was added in version 6.7.0.) in /var/www/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6121
Notice: Function _load_textdomain_just_in_time was called incorrectly. Translation loading for the mk_framework domain was triggered too early. This is usually an indicator for some code in the plugin or theme running too early. Translations should be loaded at the init action or later. Please see Debugging in WordPress for more information. (This message was added in version 6.7.0.) in /var/www/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6121 Fernandes – Kimberley Foundation
Neil Fernandes
Doctoral Candidate, Queen’s University
Mineral Deposits in Sedimentary Rocks Around the World
Neil's Final Report
Travel on 5 continents in 8 months
Visits to over 30 active underground and open pit mines and exploration projects through partnership with 11 mining and mineral exploration companies.
Collaboration and shared learning at 9 universities in 5 countries.
Visits at 3 national and 2 provincial/territorial government geological surveys.
Networking at two of the world’s biggest international mineral exploration conventions in Canada.
Technical training at a prestigious research conference with some of the world’s most influential economic geologists.
This is a snapshot of what I was able to accomplish with the support of the Kimberley Foundation through the Hugh C. Morris Experiential Learning Fellowship and I have been so fortunate to share so many experiences with such a diverse global community. From underground miners in Tennessee who wanted to know about my background, to young government geologists in Namibia talking about what we wanted for our countries, to conversations with Iñupiat elders in Alaska about how they see mining impacting their ways of life, to learning about challenges for students at universities in Peru and Brazil, to technological advances in exploration in Ireland, to the history and cultural awareness of mining in Sweden, to the potential for government to play an active role in improving the public’s knowledge of mineral resources of Canada, Namibia, U.S.A, Australia. Importantly, I have seen the steps that all the different parts of the natural resources sector are taking to make our impact sustainable and environmentally responsible, to provide tangible socio-economic benefits for local communities, to make shared information a cornerstone of a collective decision-making process.
I am especially proud that I was able to share my knowledge in so many parts of the world. It has been an uplifting and humbling experience to discuss science with so many colleagues that I respect, against the backdrop of some of the most stunning places on the planet. The scenes for these discussions have included: camping beneath the most spectacular starry nights in the Namib Desert, climbing through the central Andes in Peru, hiking in Swedish forests in full autumn colours, to helicopter flights above mountain ranges in the Arctic Circle.
Every place that I have visited has given me a piece of the big puzzle. I have begun to integrate all the technical, cultural and professional learning that I have been exposed to. I know that my education will never be done, but I also realize that the foundation that I have been able to build throughout my experiential learning fellowship is beyond anything I could have imagined at this stage of my career. My horizons have been expanded and I know that I will forever be impacted. I hope that the Kimberly Foundation and the Hugh C. Morris Fellowship will continue to enable and empower young people with the right vision and the desire to be changed.
Sediment-hosted Ore deposits blog part 15 Vazante – Paracatu District, Minas Gerais, Brazil This collage encapsulates what I think is mineral exploration at it’s “highest level”. It is a pair of geologists (and their 3 opinions using the standard n + 1 rule) standing on an outcrop and [...]
Three very different styles of base metal deposit within the same stratigraphic unit! The Upper Triassic – Lower Jurassic carbonates of the Pucara Group are important host rocks for Zn, Pb, Ag, Cu deposits in central and northern Peru. Collaborators and myself were able to visit the [...]
McArthur River Mine and Northern Territory Geological Survey, Australia. In terms of zinc, lead, and silver metal endowment, the Proterozoic sedimentary basins of northern Australia rank number one in the world. The McArthur River Deposit (aka HYC) is the largest known example of a stratiform, [...]
The many deposits of the Irish midlands form at the intersection between 1. Porous and permeable lower Carboniferous carbonates, 2. Host rock “prep” such as dissolution and dolomitization 3. Favourable structures related to extensional tectonic activity, 4. Metalliferous fluids and 5. Sources [...]
Bergslagen Zn – Cu – Pb district, Sweden Bergslagen deposits are unique as the result of a particular combination of geological processes taking place in the Fennoscandian shield between 1.89 – 1.84 Ga. Interplay between shallow volcanism juxtaposed on a platform marine [...]
Gordon Research Conference (GRC) and Gordon Research Seminar (GRS): Geochemistry of Mineral Deposits. The GRC/GRS is a state-of-the art, in-depth look at our current understanding of geochemistry related to virtually all of the mineral systems on earth.I feel very privileged to have attended [...]
Gordonsville, Elmwood and Cumberland zinc mines, MTM operations, Central Tennessee U.S.A. Located in the mid-continental regionand hosted at a higher stratigraphic position in the Knox Group compared to Eastern Tennessee Zn deposits. The Knox Group in this region is relatively horizontal and [...]
Time underground at Nyrstar’s ETM operations. A classic Mississippi Valley Type (MVT) carbonate-hosted set of mineral deposits hosted in the Cambrian-Ordovician Knox Formation. Spectacular examples of solution-collapse breccias and bed replacement in a karstified limestone-dolostone sequence [...]
Fortunate to spend the last week learning at the Geological Survey of Canada hosted by Mike Gadd and Jan Peter, among others. I spent the week looking at samples from a variety of sediment-hosted mineral deposits from across Canada including the classic Sullivan and Tom SEDEX zinc-lead-silver [...]
Another geological milestone, one of the Snowball Earth type-sections described by Paul Hoffman! Between 650 – 635 Ma, ice and glaciers covered most of our planet and even reached the equator. The evidence for this is contained within the Ghaub Formation, in the middle of the [...]
A mineral and colour paradise! The legendary Tsumeb Cu – Zn -Pb deposit, mined for centuries by the indigenous San people, Officially closed in April 1996 Tsumeb was once the largest mine in Africa and globally the largest source of lead. The estimate and recorded production is on the [...]
Sediment-hosted ore deposits tour blog Part 3b Otjikoto Gold Mine, B2Gold Corp, Namibia Environment and Sustainability: Would you believe me if I told you the photos I am providing with this post were in proximity to an active gold mining operation? Modern mines such as Otjikoto (first gold [...]
Otjikoto Gold Mine, B2Gold Corp, Namibia Geology and mineralization: Otjikoto and recently discovered Wolfshaag deposit are part of a shear-zone hosted orogenic gold system. Host rocks are pelitic schists and marbles of the Okanguarri Fm. (also part of the Damara Supergroup, at a similar [...]
Part 2: Geology and mineralization Method of discovery: Soil grid conducted by AngloAmerican in 1984 Yes, these were once sediments and yes there are other sediment-hosted gold deposits than Carlin-type! It is so rare to see open-pit geology that looks exactly like the text book figure. The [...]
Sediment-hosted ore deposits tour blog Rosh Pinah Zn-Pb-Ag Mine, Trevali Mining Corporation, Namibia Part 1c: Ore processing The process plant includes crushing, screening, and grinding followed by lead/zinc flotation, and filtering to produce separate lead and zinc concentrates. Continuous [...]
Part 1b: Underground mining – GoPro footage The only current active underground mine in Namibia. In continuous operation since 1969, the mine’s orebodies are accessed via multiple declines. Sublevel stope mining is mechanized using drill-rigs, scoops and underground haulage trucks. [...]
Aloidendron dichotomum, formerly Aloe dichotoma, the quiver tree or kokerboom is a succulent plant especially adapted to life in the desert of southern Namibia. Known as choje to the indigenous San people, the quiver tree gets its English common name from the San people practice of hollowing [...]
Sediment-hosted ore deposits tour blog Rosh Pinah Zn-PB-Ag-Ba Mine, Trevali Mining Corporation, Namibia Part 1a: Drill core and underground mine samples. The classic Rosh Pinah deposit in the Gariep Belt of southern Namibia. A deposit hosted by siliclastic sediments (arkoses to argillites with [...]
Rocks have no political boundaries, why should people? I am honoured to have spent 2 weeks in the field with young and talented geologists from the Geological Survey of Namibia. Their enthusiasm and passion for developing their country’s mineral expertise is much like my own. I have no [...]
Huge aeolian “star” sand dunes shaped by wind and yellow sand supply sourced from the escarpment and transported by the Orange river, and red sand sourced from the Cretaceous Tsondab sandstone.
“My Experiential Learning Program (ELP) thus far has taken me all to so many different parts of the globe and led to so many experiences that have made fundamental impacts on my personal and professional development. Improving my technical expertise in mineral deposits formed in sedimentary rocks is at the core of every one of the sites on my ELP. However, the real beauty of my experience is that I have been able to see so many of the different layers (cultural, technological, economical, environmental) that are built upon the premise of mineral resources. From interacting with indigenous Alaskans at a remote mine 170 km North of the Arctic Circle, to travelling and camping underneath the stars across Namibia with colleagues at Queen’s University and geoscientists from the Geological Survey of Namibia, to being underground at mining operations in Tennessee. I’m only halfway through my journey but I already feel that my perceptions have changed and paradigms have shifted. I cannot wait to use the knowledge that I have gained and to share my perspectives with the world! ” (by Neil Fernandes)
Neil's Experiential Plan
Many important metals, such as Zinc, Copper, and Silver can be sourced from mineral deposits hosted in sedimentary rocks. As the global population and its technological needs grow, finding and transforming these natural resources in a sustainable, environmentally friendly, and culturally sensitive manner, is critically important. Neil Fernandes, a doctoral candidate researching sediment-hosted mineral deposit systems at Queen’s University in the Department of Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering, is setting out on a global trek to develop a comprehensive understanding of how to achieve this vital goal.
Beginning in April 2018, Neil’s near year-long experiential learning journey will take him across 5 continents to learn about some of the world’s most important geological and mineral provinces in Canada, U.S.A., Peru, Brazil, Ireland, Sweden, Namibia and Australia. And whilst he studies the entirety of the global mineral resources chain – exploration, extraction, processing and remediation – he will showcase innovative Canadian geoscience research through presentations, workshops, community engagements, and seminars to young geoscientists.
We invite you to “join” Neil on his journey as he shares posts and footage of his experiences here on our website.